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American (U.S.) Medal of Freedom Recipient Andrée de Jongh
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U.S. Medal of Freedom Recipient Andrée de Jongh
Andrée de Jongh, the daughter of a headmaster, was born in Schaerbeek, Belgium, in 1916. Although trained as a nurse she was working as a commercial artist in Malmédy when the German Army invaded on 10th May, 1940.
Andrée immediately became involved in the resistance movement. She moved to Brussels where with the help of her father, Frederic de Jongh, she established the escape network for returning fighting men, particularly shot down airman, to Britain. The route (known as the Comet Line) went from Brussels, through France to the Pyrenees, then Bilbao before arriving at the British consulate in Madrid.
During the Second World War the Comet Line helped return about 800 Allied troops to Britain. Over a hundred of those who helped on the escape route were captured and executed.
In June 1943, Frederic de Jongh was arrested at Gare du Nord by the Gestapo and was later executed. Andrée remained free until January, 1944. Sent to Ravensbruck Concentration Camp she managed to survive until being liberated in April, 1945.
After the war Andrée de Jongh worked in a leper hospital in Addis Ababa.
Marie Louise Dissard and Andrée de Jongh
being awarded the American Medal of Freedom
Marie Louise Dissard was born in Toulouse in 1880. When France surrendered to Germany in 1940 Dissard joined the French Resistance.
At first Dissard worked under Ian Garrow, a soldier in the British Army, who had missed the Dunkirk evacuation and remained in France where he arranged an escape route over the Pyrenees. Although based in Toulouse it had key stations in Paris, Marseilles and Perpignan.
In October, 1941 Garrow was captured and imprisoned. Albert Guerisse took over at head of the network and when he was arrested, Dissard became the new leader.
As an elderly woman, the Gestapo did not suspect Dissard was a member of the French Resistance. She was able to travel around France to arrange for Allied airmen to get back to England. This involved escorting them to Toulouse where she arranged their lodgings. They were then moved to Perpignan where they were handed over to the Pyrenees guides.
In January 1944, one of the guides was arrested in Perpignan. Contrary to the rules of the network he was carrying a notebook that contained Dissard's name. She was now forced into hiding and lived in a variety of attics, cellars and garages in Toulouse until France was liberated.
During the Second World War Dissard arranged for over 250 Allied airmen to return to England. Of these, 110 were helped while the Gestapo were looking for her in 1944. After the war Marie Louise Dissard was awarded the American Medal of Freedom .
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Medal History
